Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction studies of some antidiabetic drugs with selected phytochemicals

Abstract

Introduction newlineUCPSC, Kakatiya University, Warangal Page 1 newline1.1 INTRODUCTION newlineDiabetes is a metabolic disorder occurs due to insufficient production of insulin from the pancreas which leads to increase in blood sugar levels. More glucose levels in blood damages the multiple organs body system (Om prakash et al., 2015). Diabetic patients suffer often with other diseases such as hypertension, high lipid levels; it leads to both micro vascular and macro vascular complications and sometimes it can lead to death also (Rawat mukesh et al., 2013). Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients use oral hypoglycemic agents, along with medication maintenance of diet and daily body exercises, yoga, asanas to control diabetic condition. newlineThere are many oral antidiabetic drugs which are used by diabetic patients; along with these herbal drugs/phytochemicals were also consumed. Combination of drugs and herbs may cause interactions and those are showing either beneficiary effect or adverse effect on the patient (Tripati et al., 2013). For this reason it is important to study the effect of herb-drug interactions and knowing the information of how they alter the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics parameters of drug (Saurabh et al., 2019). newlineMany anti-diabetic drugs are substrates of CytochromeP-450 isoenzymes, e.g. pioglitazone and rosiglitazone (CYP2C8); glibenclamide, glimepiride, glipizide, nateglinide (CYP2C9); proguanil (CYP2C19); pioglitazone and repaglinide (CYP3A4). newlineA large number of herbs have been suggested to affect the CYP450 system. For example St John s wort, garlic oil and ginko inhibits CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A (Bill J et al., 2005). newlineIntroduction newlineUCPSC, Kakatiya University, Warangal Page 2 newline1.1.1 Herb drug interactions (HDI): HDIs observed mainly due to consumption of herbs, drugs, food, fruits and nutrients or any two substances at a same time and it will result in alterations of drug effect. newline1.1.2 Pharmacokinetic herb-drug interaction: Drug absorption delayed, when herbs contain gums, mucillages and hydrocolloids are take