Phytochemical screening and pharmacological Evaluation of some indigenous medicinal plants for antidiabetic activity

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorder characterize by hyperglycemia, newlineglycosuria, hyperlipidemia, polyuria, polyphagia and polydipsia. The present study has to newlineinvestigate hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of the whole plant of Alternanthera Pungens newlineKunth against alloxan induce hyperglycemia in rats. It also determines the and#945;-amylase and and#945;- newlineglucosidase inhibition activity, antioxidant activity, biochemical studies and histopathological newlinestudies of kidney and pancreas. newlineMaterial and methods: Hyperglycemia were induced by an injection of alloxan monohydrate newline150 mg/kg (i.p.). After 72 hrs, the rats having Blood Glucose Level (BGL) above 150 mg/dl newlinewere selected for the investigation. The two different doses of aqueous and ethanolic extracts newline(200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg b.w.) were observed for antidiabetic effect. BGL was monitored and newlinecompared with metformin (250 mg/kg). Alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase activity of both newlineextracts were also determined. newlineResult: The ethanolic and aqueous extract of whole plant of Alternanthera Pungens Kunth was newlineused for the determination of presence of various phytochemical constituents. The result of newlinedifferent tests confirms the presence of chemical compounds such as flavonoid, alkaloid, newlineglycoside, carbohydrate, fixed oil and fat, tannins etc. simultaneously phytochemical screening newlineroot bark extract of Chonemorpha Fragrans (Moon) Alston was also done and the test of extracts newlineconfirms the presence of various chemical compound such as saponin, glycoside, carbohydrate, newlinealkaloids etc. newlineThe in-vitro and#945;- amylase inhibition effect of both the plant were evaluated. The inhibitory newlineeffect of plant extract on and#945;-amylase and and#945;-glucosidase delay the metabolism of carbohydrate and newlinereduces the postprandial blood glucose level. At this time, Acarbose was used as standard drug newlinebut it has some adverse drug reaction like diarrhea and intestinal disturbances. The and#945;-amylase newlineinhibition effect of ethanolic extract of Alternanthera Pungens Kunth was shows IC50 value of 6.96±1.47 and#956;g/ml.