An Algorithm for Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Network for Monitoring Soil Parameters

Abstract

WSN widely used for monitoring and forecasting in various sectors. Its lifetime and energy efficiency are the keys to unlock its full potential. We majorly focused on testing and monitoring soil parameters in the Madhya Pradesh state of India for assessing the quality of suitable soil for agricultural applications and to develop a WSN accordingly. In this thesis, we have designed and validated series of algorithms and communication protocols in WSN. The overall goal is to improve the heterogeneity and the energy efficiency of the wireless sensor network to extend its lifetime. newlineThe significant contributions of this thesis are broadly stated in three parts. newline1. Firstly, a novel architecture is designed and validated as a communication protocol, namely Non residual Multitier Deterministic Energy Efficient Clustering to improve the heterogeneity, lifetime, and the energy efficiency of the network. Additionally, another method is proposed which is an Advance Deterministic Energy Efficient Clustering protocol based on the novel election of cluster head by analyzing its position, distance, and residual energy to improve its life span. newline2. Secondly, low cost sensor units with low power consumption are designed for measuring and monitoring the physical and chemical properties of the soil. newline3. Thirdly, we have developed a coordination algorithm based on the switching technique using recurrent neural networks. Also, we analyzed that Nutrient Index is linked with each other and does not show frequent change with time so, the algorithm automatically turns the network or nodes on and off to preserve the energy, improving its life cycle. In this, we also introduced a dynamic way to calculate the number of sensors required for complete coverage of a field with a customized routing protocol. newlineOverall thesis contributed to the soil parameter monitoring and analysis followed by architecting innovative algorithms composed of neural networks and routing techniques. newline newline