Phytochemical Analysis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Shalmali in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Abstract

Various herbs have been extensively used by the customary medical practitioners for curing numerous ailments in their day-to-day practice. In the reproductive tract, the traditional herbs are used to cure uterine or cervical bleeding. More than longer periods Bombax Ceiba used in the management of preventing or arresting gynecologic hemorrhage. Shalmali (Bombax Ceiba) are used in the traditional system for the management of various diseases. It has an extensive range of pharmacological and medicinal applications. This present study evaluated the resin of Bombax Ceiba with six phases like Phytochemical analysis, GC-MS analysis, In vitro antioxidant study and antibacterial study, Docking study, Cellular and Clinical model. This study evaluated the phytochemicals present in the resin of Bombax Ceiba. The phytochemicals were extracted separately with hydroalcoholic solvent and 70% ethanol by maceration. Many pharmacologically active compounds like saponin, tannin, and flavonoid in the resin were present in aqueous extract of Shalmali resin. However, saponin, flavonoid, glycosides and tannins were present in the ethanolic extract of Shalmali resin. This report has clearly shown the potency of ethanol extraction method which yielded more bioactive compounds in the Shalmali resin. The GC MS analysis showed the presence of Benzimidazole-3-derivative, Pyrazole, Cinnamic acid, m-derivative, Metolachlor, Triamterene and Nitrazepam along with other minor compounds. Bioactive molecules present in the Shalmali extract intensely advocate its strong antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and other medicinal properties as claimed in Ayurvedic system. Antioxidant proficiency of the extract was done by DPPH assay, peroxidase assay, catalase assay and reducing power assay. The antimicrobial effect of this extract on Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans exposed fare degree of inhibition while on Candida albicans it was quite effective. Molecular docking study was conducted to elucidate the fundamental biochemical process and the result advocates that the compound 3d has good orientation shape with active site by hydrogen bonds, hydrophobicity and electrostatic interaction indicating that the molecule has a good interaction with the receptor. High molinspiration values observed in protease indicates cinnamic acid to possess antagonistic activity. Gene expression analysis showed increased level of ESR1 and CD56 gene expression was seen in T HESCs untreated control group whereas Shalmali extract showed decreased expression based upon increasing dose. In T HESCs cells treated with Shalmali extract showed increased expression of SDF1 gene based upon the increasing dose. In the current study, efforts have been made to summarize diverse aspects of scientific studies on the role of Shalmali extract on uterine bleeding. Therefore, the cytotoxicity study of Shalmali extract was performed on endometrial cell lines using MTT assay. The absorbance by human endometrial stromal cells (THESCs cells) was noted and the percentage of cell viablility of THESCs with varying treatment concentration of Shalmali extract was calculated in contract to the standard placebo. The Shalmali extract showed cytotoxicity effect on T HESCs cells and the IC50 of the extract is 110µg/ml. The clinical studies showed a substantial reduction in haemorrhage per menstrual cycle based on the PBAC score noted in the participants treated with Shalmali resin when compared with the control. The study concluded that the positive correlation of Shalmali extract was found to exist between the presence of active compounds against uterine bleeding and cytotoxicity against T HESCs cells. Our results thus prove that Shalmali resin extract could be used for treating AUB. newline newline newline newline newline