Studies On The Effect Of Antibacterial Activity And Anticancer Activity Of Aegle Marmelos Solanum Nigrum And Cassia Fistula

Abstract

Traditional herbal medicines must perforce be granted the benefits of modern science and technology to serves further global needs. The drug derived from herbs may have the possibility of using in medicine because of its good antimicrobial activity may be due to the presence of alkaloids, anthocyanin, Phenols, xanthoproteins, flavonoids, carboxylic acids, coumarins and sterols etc. In recent years, multiple drug resistance has developed due to indiscriminate use of existing antimicrobial drugs in the treatment of infectious disease. In addition to this, the antibiotics are sometimes associated with adverse effects on the host, like hypersensitivity. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of infectious disease from other sources such as plants. Natural products of higher plants may be a new source of antimicrobial agents possibly with novel mechanism of action. Hence in this present study focused on the antimicrobial activity and anticancer activity of Aegle marmelos, Cassia fistula and Solanum nigrum on drug resistant pathogens of gram positive organism of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and gram v negative organism of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and they were compared with control drug Penicillin and Tetracyclin. The results shows the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts of Aegle marmelos, Cassia fistula and Solanum nigrum at higher concentration of about 2.5 mg/ml exhibits maximum zone of inhibition when compared with the control drug Penicillin and Tetracyclin The plant materials were subjected for anticancer activity. In the case of liver cancer, when the cancer bearing albino rats were treated with Aegle marmelos, Solanum nigrum and Cassia fistula the enzyme levels brought back to near normal when compared to control animals. No significant alterations were observed. The plants extracts were subjected for phytochemical analysis, the ethanolic extract of Aegle marmelos consist of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, saponins, tannis, flavonoids, and steriods, but reducing sugars, carbonyl (aldehyde) and Phlobatanin shows negative results. The same test was subjected to ethanolic extract of Solanum nigrum, the results shows that positive for tests of alkaloids, reducing sugars, tannis, flavonoids, phlobatannis, and steriods but shows negative results for cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, saponins and carbonyl. In the case of Cassia fistula the ethanolic extract shows positive for alkaloids, terpenoids, reducing sugars, saponins, vi tannis, carbonyl, phlobatanin and steriods and shows negative for cardiac glycosides and flavonoids. The plant extracts of Aegle marmelos, Solanum nigrum and Cassia fistula were subjected for functional group identification, presence of C=O, CH, C=C and C-O bond stretching compounds were identified and they subjected for gas chromatography for isolation of bioactive compound. The plant extracts of Aegle marmelos shows same retention for following compounds, Aegelin, Marmesin, Rutacine, Coumarine and Umberlliferine. The plant extract of Cassia fistula were compared with reference standards and some of the compounds exhibits the same retention time to that of reference standards the following compounds are Emodin, Lupeol, Sitosterol, Steric acid, and Linoleic acid. The plant extract of Solanum nigrum were also exhibits the same retention time with that of reference standards, the following compounds are Berberine, Cinnamate, Borenol and Lupeol. Hence these compounds may be responsible for the antimicrobial activity and anticancer activity. newline