To study the impact of maternal time restricted feeding of high fat diet on placental inflammation and fetal lung development

Abstract

For millions of years in the absence of electricity, the circadian clock, in conjunction with the sunlight input, is acclimatized to regulate metabolism in humans. Circadian rhythm involves almost the 24 hours day/night, wake/sleep cycle in the mammal. Sunlight, the dominant timing cue of food intake, affected the circadian clocks in peripheral tissues. Millions of years of evolution, human activity, feeding, and fasting cycles were sunlight dependent. Immunity, gut microbiota, and many attributes that the human body acquired over the centuries helped humans lead a healthy life. However, a significant revolution that humans have seen is the speed of change, which has led to various metabolic perturbations among humans. Modern lifestyle, where the late-night shifting of dietary habits has become a social norm, leads to circadian rhythm disruption. The human body/cells were challenged to adapt to such rapid changes, which leads to developing metabolic diseases. A number of studies suggest that eating in an inactive phase, without synchronization with circadian rhythm increases the risk of Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and placental inflammation. Maternal nutrition has become a significant public health concern over recent years and is a known predictor of adverse long-term metabolic derangement. In pregnant mothers following ad libitum consumption of HFD, results in metabolic disorders in offspring have been reported in many studies. The placenta is the primary metabolic, respiratory, excretory and endocrine organ during pregnancy. The placenta plays an essential role in providing a crucial intrauterine environment for developmental programming. Since any such derangement in the placenta could have a direct impact on fetal organ development. Maternal inflammation ensuing from high-fat diet (HFD) intake during pregnancy is related to spontaneous preterm birth and respiratory impairment among premature infants. Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and asthma, ensuing from the immatureness of fetal lungs, are