Biological Approaches for Improving Biodiesel Production from Jatropha curcas

Abstract

Energy supply is the way, but its demand will affect complete humanity to run newlinetowards the events, or daily functions are called energy crisis. Rapid industrialization, newlinepopulation explosion, and urbanization apply stack on reserved fossil fuels that bringing newlineabout an unavoidable condition that leads to the Energy crisis. The energy crunches and newlineenvironmental problem emerges as fundamental problems in recent years. The speedy newlineindustrial enterprise led man to use up the conventional fuels, and thus the waste matter newlineemissions have extended globally. Several research studies are carried out to find an newlinealternative fuel to meet the growing demand for energy. Presently biodiesel is emerging newlineas a comparatively cheap, clean, and eco-friendly sustainable source of energy. Therefore newline newlinethe present research is aimed to improve biodiesel production through different cost- newlineeffective technology. newline newlineDifferent biological approaches, such as Phytohormone and rhizobacterium newlinetreatments, were applied to improve the yield of Jatropha plant. Four phytohormones such newlineas Indole acetic acid, Indole butyric acid (IBA), Gibberellic acid (GA), and Benzyl newlineadenine (BA), were used in this present study, among these BA at 160 mg/g application newlinepromotes the floral development and feminizing effects in Jatropha plant. All plants newlinetreated with hormones gave increment in yield outcome when contrasted with untreated newlinecontrol. BA and IAA gave undoubtedly increment in yield related to IBA and GA. A notable newlineincrease in seed yield, flower ratio, oil content, a reduced percentage of free fatty acid, newlineand physicochemical assets of the oil concludes that the phytohormone treatment could be newlineutilized as an ultimate tool for biodiesel creation using Jatropha curcas plants at a lower newlinecost. newline newlineAlcaligenes species strain, a rhizobacterium, which were applied on Jatropha plant newlineand its application, is still unexplored, and only minimal studies are available. Therefore, newlinein the present study, complete Jatropha profiling was done by using Alcaligenes species. newlineAlthough this species is found pathogenic for crop plants, in some plants, it was found newlinehelpful. But in the present study, it was found non-pathogenic and showed good field newlineresults compared to untreated control. The present study concludes that the newline newlinerhizobacterium treatment on Jatropha plant increases the biochemical constituents such as newlinefemale to male flower proportion, fruit numbers, seed yield, and oil content. Reduced newlinepowerful physicochemical properties of oil and the percentage of fatty acid composition newlinewill help to get the improved quality of biodiesel at a lower cost. newline newlineThe diversity recognized amid the three varieties would be supportive of differing newlinehereditary cultivars in forthcoming development programs. Random amplified newlinepolymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis confirmed that the genetic variability between the newlineaccessions about the variation in morphology and seed oil content, Labland Biotech newlineprivate limited (LB) variety could be considered superior as compared to other two newlineaccessions. newline newlineThe B1 represents Biodiesel produced from phytohormone treated Jatropha plant, newlinewhereas B2 from microbial treated Jatropha plant. The characteristics of BiodieselB1 and newlineB2 parameters such as viscosity (4.35 mm2 newline newline/sec and 4.71mm2 newline newline/sec), density (878 kg/m3and newline newline880 kg/m3 newline), acid value (0.23 mg/g and0.24 mg/g), iodine value (105 mg/g and107 mg/g) and newlinesaponification value (188 mg/g and189 mg/g) were determined. The characteristic features newlinesuggest that biodiesel B1 could be considered as better than biodiesel B2. The obtained newlineresults showed that the biodiesel B1 prepared from seeds of phytohormone treated newlineJatropha plant (GKVK), meets set standard for biodiesel and comparable to the newlinecommercial one as it can be used for diesel engine. newline newlineTherefore, Jatropha oils can be utilized as crude substances to acquire biodiesel power newlinewith high trait and could be an appropriate option compared to non-renewable energy newlinesources. Thus, the present study carried out could be helpful as an alternative renewable newlineenergy source and useful for various applications. newline