Performance and Emission Characteristics of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Fuelled with Used Transformer Oil and Pine Oil Blends with Additive

Abstract

Reuse and recycling are better options to derive energy or value added newlineproducts from waste substances and to minimize the disposal problems. newlineTransformer oil is generally used as a coolant in welding transformers, power newlinetransformers and electromotive units. After a prolonged use in these devices, the newlinetransformer oil becomes waste and is disposed of. The disposal of used newlinetransformer oil causes an environmental pollution. However, the used transformer newlineoil has properties that are similar to that of diesel fuel with a marginally higher newlineviscosity and lower calorific value. The aim of the primary investigation is to newlinereuse the used transformer oil as a possible source of energy to run a small newlinepowered, single cylinder, four stroke, and direct injection diesel engine with newlinedifferent compression ratios to study the performance and emission characteristics newlineof used transformer oil. The results are analyzed and compared with diesel fuel newlineoperation. newlineInitially, used transformer oil of its diesel blends in the used transformer oil newlineconcentration for 30%, increase in thermal efficiency with significant newlineimprovement in reduction of smoke was observed for used transformer oil and its newlinediesel blends compared to that of diesel. The engine fuelled with the used newlinetransformer oil was tested at varying compression ratio 16:1, 17:1, 18:1, 19:1 and newline20:1. The results indicated that increasing compression ratio increases the thermal newlineefficiency, NOx emission and reduced smoke emission. The optimum newlinecompression ratio was found to be 18:1. With this compression ratio, the NOx newlineemission was found to be decreased than that of the used transformer oil and newlinediesel. The smoke emission was found to decrease with variation of compression newlineratio respectively compared to that of the UTO and diesel at maximum brake newlinepower. newlineAlternate fuels which are extracted from Vegetable oils will positively newlinereduce the usage of fossil fuels. There are various types of vegetable oils that can newlinebe used as alternate fuels. The different vegetable oils are: Jatropha oil, Cotton newlineseed oil, Pine oil, Rubber seed oil, Rape seed oil, Rice bran oil, Orange peel oil. newlineOut of these different vegetable oils, Pine oil is most important. Because the newlineCalorific value of the Pine oil is almost equal to the calorific value of the Diesel. newlineAs Pine trees are available in abundance in India, one can easily extract oil from newlineits seeds which can be successfully used as an alternate fuel to meet the newlinerequirements of fuel at the most economical rate. newlineThe oil extracted from pine tree can be blended with Diesel and used in newlineDiesel Engine. Several researchers have taken efforts to adopt suitable methods of newlineusing Pine oil which exhibits improved performance and reduced emissions. The newlineobjective secondary investigation is to blend the Pine oil, diesel fuel with butanol newlineat various proportions by volume. The Pine oil will be directly blended with diesel newlinefuel and P30 with 5%, 10% and 15% butanol additive without any trans newlineesterification process, because of its low viscous property. newlineThe prepared blends with tested in a diesel engine at various loads. Finally newlinethe observed performance and emission characteristics such as brake thermal newlineefficiency, Specific fuel consumption, CO, Hydro carbon, CO2, Nox emission of newlinethese blends were compared with pure diesel fuel. Among the results the P30 with newline5%, 10% and 15% butanol blends were increases brake thermal efficiency and newlinedecrease of specific fuel consumption gives better performance and reduce the newlineCO, Hydro carbon, CO2, Nox emission compared to P30 and Diesel. newline newline