Renewable and low cost green functional carbon electrodes from selected biomass Sargassum wightii Turbinaria conoides Phyllanthus acidus and Solanum lycopersicum for high performance of Supercapacitors

Abstract

The innovation of reliable, efficient, non- toxic and sustainable energy sources with free pollution are the essential solutions to compact with the increasingly efficient energy resources, depletion of fossil fuels, exploring major environmental and health concerns. Among the different prospects, new arrival of eco-friendly energy storage systems has to be accommodated in our existing energy storage technologies. Many research efforts were taken to utilize the biomass to reduce environmental pollution and also for the enlargement of alternative energy storage with high power and energy density. newlineBiomass is an energy source often refers to plants or plant-derived, animal-derived and marine organism-derived materials. Biomass-derived porous carbons have recently shown promising application as electrode material for supercapacitors. Particularly, the richness of the carbon element and well-oriented channels for the metabolic process make these biomass-based electrode materials suitable for rapid ion transportation during electrochemical charge-discharge applications. newlineCarbon materials are widely used for applications of supercapacitor due to their unique combination of physical and chemical properties such as high conductivity, high surface-area, compatibility in composite materials and low cost relatively. By altering the electrochemical performance of the material, the microstructure and surface of carbon can be adjusted easily. The different forms of carbon materials that are widely used as electrodes are activated carbons, carbon nanotubes, carbon aerogels, carbon powders and carbon fibres for supercapacitor applications. newlineSupercapacitors (SCs) or electrochemical capacitors are also known as ultracapacitors are one of the electrochemical energy storage devices which consist of more power density and higher cycle life when compared to secondary batteries. Some of the wide applications of supercapacitors are innovative technology industries such as electrical vehicles, electronic devices, equipment of military and