A network lifetime improvement mechanism using node relocation and recovery process for wireless sensor network

Abstract

The sensor nodes communicate together by wireless techniques, and these communication newlinetechniques are handled by routing protocols. The resource limitation and unreliable low newlinepower links between the sensor nodes make it difficult to design an efficient routing protocol. newlineThe sink may be either static or mobile in the network. In many scenarios, static sink causes newlinehotspots, where the sensor nodes near to the sink die out soon due to transmission overhead. newlineOn the other hand, the mobile sink improves the lifetime of a network by avoiding excessive newlinetransmission overhead on the nodes that are close to the sink. Further, an attempt is made to newlineresolve the issues of sensor nodes and sink mobility by proposing energy-efficient sink newlinerelocation techniques for wireless sensor network. newlineIn WSNs the only source of life for the nodes is the battery. Communicating with other nodes newlineor sensing activities consumes a lot of energy in processing the data and transmitting the newlinecollected data to the sink. In many cases (e.g. surveillance applications), it is undesirable to newlinereplace the batteries that are depleted or drained of energy. Many methods are therefore newlinetrying to find power-aware protocols for wireless sensor networks in order to overcome such newlineenergy efficiency problems. All the protocols that are designed and implemented in WSNs newlineshould provide some real-time support as they are applied in areas where data is sensed, newlineprocessed and transmitted based on an event that leads to an immediate action. A protocol is newlinesaid to have real-time support if and only if it is fast and reliable in its reactions to the newlinechanges prevailing in the network. It should provide redundant data to the base station or sink newlineusing the data that is collected among all the sensing nodes in the network. The delay in newlinetransmission of data to the sink from the sensing nodes should be short, which leads to a fast newlineresponse. newlineThe technology advances have led to miniature size of the nodes in the network which newlineexhibits features such as lower cost and lower power. Wireless Sensor Network is used for newlinedetection of temperature, sound, pressure and then sends the respective data to the data newlinecenter. If the Network Lifetime (NL) has to be increased then energy levels of the nodes have newlineto be monitored in a sensitive fashion. The nodes near to sink will consume more energy as newlinecompared to nodes which are far away from sink. When the nodes participate in the routing newlinemethod repeatedly then they lose their energy levels repeatedly and generate holes in the newlinenetwork and form hotspot zone. If all the nodes have lost their energy then node can be newlinerelocated in order to improve lifetime. Mobility of the sink has been accepted as efficient way newlineto alleviate energy problems. Having to make mobile sink, offers a better approach for newline newlineiv newlinenetwork balance. In our methodology to extend the lifetime of the network by having to newlinerelocate the sink node close to breakdown nodes that reduces the lifespan of the network by newlinedisjoint connections. The key idea will be to aim the collection of node distinct links that stop newlineworking due to limited energy and unstable, disjoint bottleneck algorithm identifies disjoint newlinelinks and activates sink to move its location to bind nodes to minimum hop. Genetic process newlineis done to identify fault nodes and then recover few of them to prolong the network lifetime. newlineFor a delay sensitive applications MIN HOP modification is applied to proposed method so newlinethat the forwarding node picked will be of high energy and low distance with respect to newlinedestination. In order to increase the throughput and capacity of the network each of the node newlineis equipped with a MIMO antenna. NRFNMA method will be compared with other newlinealgorithms namely delay, hops, energy consumption, number of alive nodes, number of dead newlinenodes, lifetime ratio, routing overhead, throughput and proved proposed method is the best. newline