Vulnerable Birhor Tribe in West Bengal and Jharkhand Demographic Dynamics Settlement Culture and Challenges

Abstract

Since the origin of human civilization, each and every community has been bearing its newlinedistinctive cultural identity and trying to save it as a matter of sentiment. In this way, diversities newlineare found among heterogeneous group of people worldwide in the form of cultural variation. newlineBut due to Modernization, Globalization lead to traditional indigenous culture, settlement newlinemorphology and ecological identity of tribe are belonging at the door of abolition. Changes newlineand modification are everywhere. The need and value of the tribal culture are being increased newlineto protect our environment even in geo-political field. The touch of tribe on environment is newlinevery polite and sustainable. This research will be mainly limelight on Demographic Dynamics, newlineSettlement structure, Culture and Challenges of the Birhor in West Bengal and Jharkhand. newlineBirhor tribe is one of the vulnerable hunter gatherer tribe in India, they are mainly inhabited newlinein forest cover hilly area of Chota Nagpur Plateau within the state of Jharkhand and Bihar. newlineNow they are also found within the state of West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Madhya newlinePradesh and Maharashtra. Due to population explosion, industrialization, modernization, newlineglobalization liable to rapid deforestation and loss of Bio-diversity that directly affect the newlineBirhor ecology. Governmental Forest conservation policy and wild life protection act also newlinemake Birhors life more dangerous. In this situation Indian governmental scheme to forcefully newlineresettle Birhor in makeshift house in plain area is not sustainably for their way of life. newline