Aspects Of GroundWater Trace Contamination With Special Reference Of Fluoride In Parts Of Chhattisgarh

Abstract

Fluoride is a natural constituent of some rocks and minerals. Dissolution of these newlineminerals increases fluoride concentration in ground water. Some anthropogenic newlineactivities such as fertilizer industry, glass and ceramic industry, aluminium and zinc newlinesmelters and mining may also increase fluoride concentration in water. In India ground newlinewater is the main source of drinking water. Therefore, water can be a major source of newlinefluoride intake in human. Drinking water with elevated concentration of fluoride newlinecauses dental and skeletal fluorosis. To protect the population from such harmful newlinediseases, monitoring of fluoride concentration in drinking water sources and removal newlineof excess fluoride from them has become important pollution check measure today. newlineTherefore the objective of this study is to identify the geographic locations with newlinefluoride contamination in ground water based on the random and systematic sampling newlineof large areas, to study the efficacy of the spectrophotometric SPADNS method for newlinefield determination of fluoride and to develop environment friendly and economic newlinedefluoridation method. newlineDuring the study, some parts of Chhattisgarh were identified where fluoride newlineconcentration in water is close to cross the permissible limit of fluoride in drinking newlinewater i.e. 1.5 mg/L. It was found that mining activities are responsible to a certain newlineextent for the mobilization of fluoride. If proper mitigation measures are not taken newlinethen conditions be worsened.An important step in fluoride mitigation is to determine the accurate concentration of newlinefluoride in water in field conditions. Spectrophotometric method and ion selective newlineelectrode method are most common method for fluoride determination in water. In this newlinestudy, it was found that the results obtained for fluoride determination by newlinespectroscopic method do not differ much from that obtained by ion selective electrode for the same. Moreover spectroscopic method does not require much expertise to newlineoperate it and are less expensive than ion selective electrode. However higher newlineconcentra