Reliable Forest Fire Detection System Using Wireless Sensor Networks and Internet of Things

Abstract

The emergence of Wireless Sensor Networks technology and Internet of Things has an extensive range of applications in category of monitoring the environment. In this thesis, we have studied the problem of monitoring and detecting forest fire as the potential application area of WSNs and IoT. Forest fires are the main reason behind the degradation of environment at present. The present forest fire monitoring system lacks in providing real time monitoring for each point in a target area at all the time and support early detection from threats. Forests fires possess great deal of threat that disturbs the complete ecosystem and further leads to global warming and ozone layer depletion. Early detection of a potential fire event is the possible solution to reduce the cause or its risk up to 95percent. There exist many techniques that can be employed in order to protect forests from fire. Satellite systems and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are the systems that can be useful for the newlinedetection of forest fires. These systems can cover area of any size but not capable of providing real time information of the entire region of interest. Moreover, Satellite and UAVs based systems can only be used for monitoring and firefighting purposes. Therefore, the accurate prediction of forest fire at its early stage is critically important. On the other hand, WSNs technology is most advantageous among others as it offers real time deployment of sensor nodes which gathers environmental parameters like relative humidity, atmospheric gases, light intensity and ambient temperature values. newline newline