Predictors of Renal Function and Patient Outcomes in Diabetic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Predictors of renal function and patient outcomes in diabetic kidney disease newlineDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is more prevalent in India. One of the main reason behind the rising of new cases is the patient with DKD are often undiagnosed and untreated. newlineDiagnostic marker which is able to diagnose the disease at its early stage can be a useful tool in slowing down the progression of the disease and preventing from the worst disease related outcomes. In this project we assessed the diagnostic potential of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and Galectin-3. This was an observational study conducted at Hakeem Abdul Hameed Centenary Hospital (HAHC), Jamia Hamdard. Study period was 1.2 years. newlineGalectin-3 levels were significantly elevated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with macroalbuminuria as compared to T2DM patients with microalbuminuria and normoalbuminuria (p = 0.0154). The patients with poor kidney function (Stage IV-V CKD or macroalbuminuria) have higher levels of galectin-3 and GDF-15. Correlation analysis showed galectin-3 levels was positively correlated with age, serum creatinine, UACR, triglyceride, and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol. The sensitivity and specificity of galectin-3 and GDF-15 in the diagnosis of DKD was found to be satisfactory. The findings were statistically significant which suggested the diagnostic potential of galectin-3 and GDF-15 in DKD. newlineCKD knowledge assessment and correlation of anemia with the disease status were also assessed. A total of 323 patients completed the study. The mean ± SD age of patients was 56 ± 11.25 years, and 51.7% were female. Mean duration of diabetes was 9.6 ± 4.57 years. Only 33.43% of the patients correctly identified diabetes and hypertension as risk factors for CKD, while 44.27% were aware of the kidney s function. Statistically significant associations were observed between kidney disease knowledge and education status (p = 0.004), socioeconomic status (p = 0.000), and income status (p = 0.003). newline