A Forensic Study on Determination of the Sequence of Strokes

Abstract

newlineChapter 1 deals with the introduction and literature survey on the sequence of strokes. Introduction consists of details about inks, writing instruments, writing surfaces, print media, sequencing and list of instruments used to examine sequence of strokes. The literature survey comprises of research papers from the year 1964 to till date. newlineChapter 2 explains the material and methods used in conducting the experiments. The five objectives of the study were explained in this section. This section also deals with number of samples (One thousand sixty samples) and type of instruments used in each objectives. Scanned photographs of the model samples used in each objective are also depicted in this chapter. newlineChapter 3 explains about non-destructive techniques for sequencing of homogeneous intersected strokes. Confocal microscope and Docucenter Nirvis were used for examining the samples. Four hundred samples were examined under this category. Ballpoint pen, gel pen, fountain pen and pilot pen in black and blue color were used in making samples. Comparative study between Confocal microscope and Docucenter Nirvis was also explained in this chapter. newlineChapter 4 describes the effect of pen pressure on the detection of sequence of strokes. Confocal microscope was used to examine two hundred forty samples. Ballpoint pen, gel pen, fountain pen and pilot pen in black and blue color were used in making samples. The samples were made with light, medium and heavy pen pressure. The 3D feature of the Confocal microscope assisted in examining the effect of pen pressure on sequence of strokes. newlineChapter 5 deals with the effect of ink aging on sequence of strokes. Docucenter Nirvis was used to examine two hundred sixty samples. Ballpoint pen and gel pen in the black and blue newline8 newlinecolor were used. In the study, four time intervals- hours (two, four, six, eight and ten), days (two, four, six, eight and ten), months (one and six months) and one year were selected for making the samples.