Energy _Efficient Routing Protocol for Enhancing Network Lifetime and Performance in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are comprised of spatially distributed sensing along with detecting nodes attached to the sensors to maintain the physical and environmental states of the deployed area. These nodes are equipped with batteries having a restricted amount of energy and work as a source of power. One cannot recharge or replace these batteries during the mission, as the applications of WSNs include underwater, forest driven, and mountain-based. WSNs provide accessibility to tiny detecting nodes to sense the information due to its distributed nature. The sensor nodes have their range of communication and can send and collect messages straight to each other. They are linked with each other for maintaining and detecting the environmental as well as physical states. WSN uses multiple hops to send information to the node outside the communication range through different neighbor nodes. Furthermore, in comparison with the usual system frameworks, WSN doesn t need any predetermined network structure; all the nodes used in WSN can operate as a router as well as the host. Due to their sensing capability, the wireless nodes in the sensor network have a broad area of applications, for example, industrialized process sensing, environmental as well as physical condition observation. Moreover, the Self- organizing property of nodes in the network made WSN outstanding. newlineThe quality applications are health monitoring, environmental sensing, and industrial process sensing. These applications demand energy efficiency, network lifetime maintenance, and QoS communication. Moreover, the batteries of these sensor nodes are outfitted with limited energy to work as a source of energy. Hence, efficient energy utilization is a significant challenge in these types of networks, as node energy is constrained. Thus, the available node energy must be utilized efficiently for various functions as sensing the information at the receiver section, processing the sensed information,