Cadmium ii lead ii and nickel ii removal from aqueous solution by chemically modified cottonseed cake

Abstract

newline Water is one of the most important substances on earth All plants and animals must have water to survive. If there is no water there would be no life on earth The most important natural resources of water are useful to humans because of the physiological needs of man animal, and plant It is not only supports life on earth but also governs the economic industrial and agricultural growth of a nation Due to the rapid growth of population and increased needs of agriculture and industries water in many areas has become a critical factor Water pollution due to toxic heavy metals has been a major cause of concern for environmental engineers Industrial and domestic wastewater is responsible for causing several damages to the environment and adversely affecting the health of the people Metals can be distinguished from other toxic pollutants since they are non hypen biodegradable and can accumulate in living tissues thus becoming concentrated throughout the food chain Therefore the elimination of heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater is important to protect the environment and public health The most commonly employed techniques for the treatment of metal contaminated wastewaters include chemical precipitation, ion-exchange newlinechemical coagulation adsorption solvent extraction, and membrane separation Among the mentioned methods adsorption is proved to be one of the simplest and most effective techniques As of now adsorption by activated carbon is accepted to be the best available technology for the reduction of heavy metals except that its manufacturing cost is quite high Therefore it is necessary to develop a low cost activated carbon prepared from various agricultural byproducts and waste materials have been effectively applied for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from wastewater. newline