Silver and Gold nanoparticles moderated by rhizomes of Curcuma longa L collected from different altitudes of HP Synthesis Characterization and Bioactivities

Abstract

newline ix newlineABSTRACT newlineNanotechnology has become one of the most auspicious technologies applied in all fields of science. Nanoparticles gain attention of researchers because they possess distinctive properties like their small size i.e. 1 100 nm large surface-to-volume ratio and high rate of reaction. Nanoparticles synthesis by physical, chemical and biological methods have their considerable applications in the biomedical and physiochemical areas. Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles are plant mediated and these are gaining more attention due to their easy, rapid and eco- friendly nature. Biomolecules present in the plant extract can be used to reduce metal ions to nanoparticles in a plant extract mediated process. In the present study a very simple rapid, cost effective and environment friendly route was followed for the synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using rhizome extract of Curcuma longa collected from different altitudes of Himachal Pradesh. The main focus of the study is to evaluate the effect of altitudinal variation in the synthesis and bioactivities of silver and gold nanoparticles from rhizome extract of C. longa collected from three districts (Shimla, Mandi and Bilaspur) of H.P. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytochemicals from rhizomes extract of C. longa showed the presence of different phytochemicals in variable amount in the rhizomes collected from different altitudes. The biosynthesized nanoparticles silver and gold nanoparticles were characterized by UV- visible spectroscopy, FT-IR and TEM analysis. The UV-visible spectrum of silver nanoparticles of district Shimla, Mandi and Bilaspur showed absorption maxima at 419 nm, 420 nm and 422 nm, respectively. Gold nanoparticles showed absorption maxima at 518 nm for Shimla, 519 nm for Mandi and 520 nm for Bilaspur district. The presence of various functional groups in the synthesized gold and silver nanoparticles of different altitudes were confirmed by FT-IR spectra. TEM results showed the formation of deformed spherical nanoparticles of variable size. The size of the silver nanoparticles synthesized using rhizome extract of C. longa of district Shimla were 2-10 nm from district Mandi were 15-35 nm and from Bilaspur district were 25-60 nm. The size range of gold nanoparticles synthesized from C. longa rhizome extract collected from district Shimla, Mandi and Bilaspur were 2-10, 10-35 and 15-40 nm, respectively. Silver and gold nanoparticles was also subjected for evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer activity. The antimicrobial activity of silver and gold nanoparticles synthesized from rhizome extracts of C. longa of different sites were checked against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Maximum antimicrobial activity was showed by silver and gold nanoparticles prepared from rhizome extract of Shimla district against B. subtilis. MIC value was observed lowest for nanoparticles synthesized from rhizome extract of newlinex newlineShimla district. Silver and gold nanoparticles prepared from rhizome extract of C. longa from different altitudes showed anticancer activity against A549 (lung adenocarcinoma) and PC3 (prostate cancer) cell lines. Results showed that maximum percentage cell cytotoxicity was shown by silver nanoparticles synthesized from rhizome extract of C. longa collected from district Shimla against A549 cell line. The present project reported an easy and effective method for the synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles and altitudinal variation in the synthesis of nanoparticles as well as to antimicrobial and anticancer activity which may be helpful for medicine and drug manufacturing. newlineKeywords: Rhizome extract, altitudinal variation, silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, TEM, bioactivities.