Mobility Based Energy Efficient and Secure Routing for Remote Health Monitoring using Wireless Body Area Networks

Abstract

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is the advanced network technology used to newlinemonitor the patients in real time. When the patients are not able to express their health newlineproblems or are in the critical stage of any disease or infection, the WBAN proves to newlinebe significant. In a WBAN, the specialized devices or sensors are placed on or in the newlinehuman body to monitor the relative health issues. The WBAN suffers from challenges newlinein establishing the network as well as in maintaining the communication within the newlinenetwork. While performing the communication on such a network, the sensor newlinelimitations, organ criticality are the main issues which are required to be handled. The newlineeffective and reliable routing method is required for real-time communication in the newlineWBAN. Along with this, the sensitive information requires a secure method to newlineperform reliable and safe communication. One more issue in WBAN is to handle a newlinelarge number of WBANs residing in the same region and environment. newlineIn this thesis, a communication model is presented to handle various aspects and newlineissues of WBANs. The higher level modeling of this proposed model is defined to newlineprovide reliable communication in intra-WBAN and inter-WBAN networks. The newlinecomplete model is divided into three integrated phases. In the first phase, the intraWBAN newline newlinecommunication is performed to achieve reliable routing between the body newlinesensor and controller node. In the second phase, inter-WBAN communication is newlineperformed using a clustering approach over the larger WBAN network. In the third newlinephase, the data security has been achieved in the WBAN network using Rivest, newlineShamir and Adelman (RSA) and Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) based integrated newlinemethods. newlineFor effective intra-WBAN communication, the energy efficient routing protocol is newlineproposed for effective multi-hop communication between a Sensor Node (SN) to a newlinecontroller node. The analysis of neighbor nodes is done based on distance, newlinecommunication count, residual energy and failure probability parameters to identify newlinethe effective intermediate node. The method has generated a load balanced route for newlineeffective communication in the network. The analysis of this proposed protocol is newlinedone against Adaptive Threshold-based Thermal-aware Energy-efficient Multi-hop newlineProTocol (ATTEMPT), Stable Increased-throughput Multi-hop Protocol for Link Efficiency (SIMPLE) and iMproved Stable Increased-throughput Multi-hop Link newlineEfficient (Im-SIMPLE) Protocols. The analysis is done in terms of residual energy, newlinethroughput, node level energy and network lifetime parameters. The results showed newlinethat the proposed protocol has improved packet communication and network life. newlineAnother work defined in this research is to optimize the communication in a larger newlineWBAN network with multiple WBANs. In this phase, an improved clustered WBAN newlinearchitecture is presented to optimize the communication in wide WBAN network. The newlineproposed protocol used the multi-level and multi-feature analysis to improve the newlineclustering and to generate the hierarchical route over the network. The proposed newlineprotocol used the energy, coverage, load, density, and degree-based evaluation to newlineoptimize the cluster selection and cluster member identification. Once the clustering is newlinedone, the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is applied as an integrated approach for newlineclustered route generation. The protocol is simulated on multiple scenarios with newlinescalability. The comparative results are generated against Low-Energy Adaptive newlineClustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and Gateway-Based Energy-Aware Multi-hop newlineRouting (M-GEAR) protocols. The results showed that the proposed architecture has newlineimproved the network life, network communication, and energy utilization efficiently. newlineThe security is another challenge which is handled in this research using hybrid newlinecryptography method. The hybridization of authentication and security is achieved newlineusing RSA and hash key encoder. The RSA in this work is applied for a node to newlinecontroller verification and SHA is applied for reliable controller-to-controller message newlinecommunication. The proposed secure communication architecture is applied within newlinethe clustered WBAN. The comparative results showed that the proposed model has newlineimproved packet communication and network life effectively. newline newline