Geographical junction information based routing in vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Abstract

VANET (Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks) provide routing solutions for dynamic newlineroute planning via shortest path wireless communication. It is an advanced newlineinfrastructure which integrates the wireless communication so that vehicles can newlineexchange the information using this ad hoc self-organizing network created by vehicles. newlineVehicles in VANET are termed as nodes which can travel at a variable speed. newlineTransmission of data packets within the VANET can be achieved using intermediate newlineand junction nodes. Vehicles can communicate the information in terms of data bytes newlinebetween them. The dense traffic condition of the network demands the path to the target newlinewhenever necessary by the scheme of path detection. Automobiles in the vehicular newlineinfrastructure can interact with each other within the reachable junction or beyond the newlinecommunication range over the limited number of hops. In these situations, the highway newlineis constructed by string of automobiles such that each automobile retransmits the newlinepackage of bytes. newlineThe research work deals with the simulation of a dynamic topographical routing newlineprotocol, which discovers shortest route from one node to other involving minimum newlinenumber of vehicles in the transmission. The proposed GJIBR (Geographical Junction newlineInformation Based Routing) protocol has been improved from the existing AODV (Ad newlineHoc On-demand Distance Vector) protocol. The route discovery algorithms executed newlineby simulating the GJIBR protocol using NS-2 (Network Simulator Version 2) newlineaccomplish the fact that this GJIBR protocol is efficient than AODV with these newlineparameters - Average Data Rate, Data Transmission Proportion, Data Interval, as well newlineas Communication load. newlineAn ambition of the research work is to find shortest distance from an initiator to newlinetarget node by using the VANET routing protocol GJIBR. In this GJIBR routing newlinemechanism, location information is communicated among the nodes of the network. newlineGJIBR floods Route Requisition packet only to the neighbor nodes which are nearer newlinefrom initiator to target node by avoiding the broadcasting over entire transmission newlineregion using geographical technique by adding information transmission feature of GPS newline(Global Positioning System). Hence GJIBR can be used in VANET applications to newlineviii newlineavoid collision of vehicles, maintenance of distance between the vehicles, assistance for newlinevehicle driving, also to locate the vehicles automatically. newlineThe routing solution is based on the development of routing protocol with newlineassistance of junction to aid routing between vehicles. Here, the vehicles carry the newlinepacket and when they find they are not travelling in path to target, send the data to relay newlinenearby and the relay decide the next hop vehicles which can carry the data to the target. newlineThis solution is implemented for transmission of data packets and tested for newlineeffectiveness. newlineDuring the transmission of message between the moving nodes, GJIBR newlineestablishes the geographical backbone to relay the packets. The backbone nodes are newlinejunctions and the vehicles travelling between these junctions perform the relay of newlinepackets. newlineThe vehicles transmit packets to another vehicle in a session. Multiple sessions newlineare created in the network. Each session will last for 3 seconds. The execution ends in newline60 seconds and trace file is generated. From the trace file, AWK (Aho Weinberger newlineKernighan) scripts are written to calculate Average Data Rate, Data Interval, Data newlineTransmission Proportion, also the Communication Load. newlineThe simulation is conducted for maximum range of 150-250-350 vehicles over newlinenetwork using NS-2 and the calculated parameters are written to text file and from this newlinetext file gnu plot scripts are written to plot the graph. newline