Assessment of genetic diversity phylogenetics and molecular systematics in wild and indigenous mango Mangifera indica L genotypes

Abstract

The mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the important tropical and sub-tropical newlineamong fruit crops, originated in North-Eastern India. However, there is a decline in newlinepopulation of wild Mangifera species due to overexploitation. Hence, it is important to newlineunderstand the importance of such species for our sustenance and conservation of such newlinespecies. The present study considers the assessment of genetic diversity in wild and newlineindigenous mango genotypes from North-East and South-West genotypes. There are newlinefew wild mangoes that are genetically closest to the common mango (Mangifera indica newlineL.), where the research is very limited on phylogenetic relationships.Therefore, this newlinestudy investigated diversity, phyletic and conservation of wild mango. Initially, current newlineand future species distribution pattern was analysed as this would help in reduction and newlineexecution of species in future and shifting of their habitat. The study characterised the newlinetraits by profiling morphological, cytological, palynological, anatomical, biochemical newlineand molecular data. The spatial modelling revealed that the wild mango may become newlineextinct in near future due to climatic scenario, hence, it is important to involve in newlineconservation practices. The microsatellites were developed by NGS : 159,228 scaffolds newlinewere generated covering a genome size of 253.6 Mbp, designed primers 84,118 newlinemicrosatellites and tested for 90. This study increases the sequence coverage of the newlinemango genome and the number of mango-specific SSR markers. The eight newlinemicrosatellites (Ravishankar et al., 2011) of mango were used to assess genetic newlinerelationships between mango populations from the North-East (45) and South-West newline(35) genotypes.The number of different alleles for each primer-pair ranged from 17 to newline29, with an average of 22.875. Further, genetic variability was assessed among the 25 newlineNorth-East genotypes. The mean polymorphism information content (PIC) value across newlineall 8 loci was found as 0.8337. Shannon Information Index was computed value, a newlinemeasure of diversity among the genotypes, for north-east was 2.3926 ± 0.4170 and for newlinecommercial varieties was 2.2466 ± 0.2896 indicating vast diversity within the mango newlinecollection of North-East region. A brief attempt was made in idenfication of species newlinefrom North-East where the wild genotypes were sequenced for trnH-psbA, matK and newlineITS and found the phylogenetic relationship with Mangifera andamanica. The diversity newlineof unique indigenous types and their implications on improvement are discussed newline