Design and analysis on reconfigurable antenna for wireless applications

Abstract

Antennas are the primary components of every wireless communication systems. Novelties in present-day communication systems need antennas to be capable of with intellectual competence. Thus, such systems have need of intelligent antennas that adapt their basic operating parameters for instance operating frequency, polarization and radiation pattern with the varying requests. This stimulates the investigation of novel field in newlineantenna engineering over reconfigurable antenna. Those antennas have the newlinecapability of altering its elementary operational characteristics.A reconfigurable antenna is an antenna capable of modifying dynamically its frequency, polarization and radiation properties in a controlled and reversible manner. They exhibit the ability to modify their geometries and behavior to adapt to changes in surrounding conditions. They have been used with variable and adaptable single-antenna geometry without newlineincreasing the need to accommodate multiple antennas. They are used to cover different wireless services that operate over a wide range of frequency. They exhibit many advantages over their traditional counterparts as it can be used to support multiple functions at multiple frequency bands. This will significantly reduce the hardware size and cost. A reconfigurable antenna can be a single antenna or an array. Most of the reconfigurable antennas are dominated by employing Radio Frequency-Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (RF-MEMS), PIN newlinediodes, varactor diodes and Field-Effect Transistors (FET). This makes the system with additional biasing circuit complexity newline newline