Microwave 2 45 GHz continuous wave and mobile phone 1800 MHz radiation induced stress responses impact on hippocampal function and reproduction in Mus musculus

Abstract

Presently the microwave (MW) based technology is widely used in telecommunication and various other applications. Although a number of studies have elucidated adverse effects of these non-ionizing radiations on rodents and human being, but its impact on reproductive performance and hippocampal function is not yet deciphered in details, especially at the molecular level. This study was undertaken to understand the molecular mechanism(s) of 2.45 GHz and mobile phone (1800 MHz) radiation induced effects on reproduction and hippocampal learning and spatial memory formation. Our experimental findings in laboratory mouse, Mus musculus, reveal the mechanism(s) through which the hippocampal learning and spatial memory formation cascades and reproductive performance are impaired following low level 2.45 GHz (continuous wave-CW) MW radiation (2h/day for 15, 30 and 60 days) and long term exposure to mobile phone radiation (3 h/day for 120 days) in different operative modes, i.e., Dialing (D), Receiving (R), and Stand-by (SB). newlineCHAPTER I: Effect of Microwave Radiation on Female Reproduction newline2.45 GHz microwave radiation and mobile phone radiation induced oxidative and nitrosative stress is mediated by significantly increased production of ROS, NO, LPO product (MDA) along with decreased activity of anti-oxidant enzymes (SOD, Catalase and GPx) in the hypothalamus, ovary and uterus. The significant increase in free radical load was coupled with the inhibition of ovarian steroidogenesis in all the exposed groups of mice. 2.45 GHz microwave and mobile phone radiation through inducing oxidative and nitrosative damage to cellular constituents i.e., lipids (peroxidation) and proteins/enzymes (carbonylations), led to steroidogenic inhibition.