Combinatorial effect of resveratrol and piperine in murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract

SLE is a chronic systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease associated with a broad spectrum of clinical presentations. Various complications arise from an increase in inflammation and oxidative stress. The current therapies include anti-malarials, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants and NSAIDs. Resveratrol is a phytoalexin found in grapes, peanuts, etc. It is known for numerous pharmacological effects. It has potent anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, immunomodulating properties. It has rapid absorption but low bioavailability. Piperine, a major active component of black and long peppers, is used as a bioenhancer for different drugs including resveratrol. The present study aimed to determine the combinatorial effect of resveratrol and piperine on murine model of lupus. Pristane injected murine model of lupus develop anti-nuclear antibodies but none of treatments could abrogate ANA formation. Immune complexes were formed in kidneys, liver, lungs, spleen and skin. RP- 1 in kidneys, RP-1 and P-Res in liver, Res-2, RP-2, P-Res and P-RP in lungs and none of the treatments showed positive results in abrogating immune complexes in spleen and skin. Treatments newlineabrogating histopathological manifestations were RP-1, Res-2 and P-Res in kidneys, RP-1, P-Res and P-RP in liver, Res-2, P-Res and P- RP in lungs and none in spleen and skin. Oxidative stress was successfully combated by almost all the doses of resveratrol. Inflammation was regulated by decreasing level of IL-6 by RP-1 and P-Res and TNF-and#945; by RP-1, Res-2, P-Res and P-RP. Renal pathologies were improved by mitigating proteinuria by RP-1, Res-2, RP-2, P-Res and P-RP and by increasing creatinine level in urine by RP-1 and P-RP. Lipogranulomas were abrogated by RP-1, Res-2 and P-Res. These findings stated that even a low dose of resveratrol when used in combination with piperine is potent to combat lupus associated manifestations and a low dose of resveratrol, alone serves as a prophylactic measure to prevent various manifestations of lupus.