Molecular Characterization And Development Of Immunobased Detection Of Grapevine Leaf Roll Associated Virus 4 In Grapes India

Abstract

Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is a complex viral disease of grapevines accounting for newlinemore than 60 % of yield losses. It is caused by eleven distinct filamentous viral species newlineand their strains; recently proposed to be recognized as genetically five distinct viral newlinespecies Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-1 (GLRaV-1), GLRaV-3 (Ampelovirus newlineSubgroup I), GLRaV-2 (Closterovirus), GLRaV-4 (Ampelovirus Subgroup II), and newlineGLRaV-7 (Velarirus) and remaining have been put in one umbrella in Ampelovirus newlinesubgroup II as GLRaV-4 strains, all in family Closteroviridae. These viruses are named newlineaccording to their sequential discovery. Despite being known to be present for the last newlinetwo decade in Indian vineyards, an authentic study on GLD was reported only recently newlinewhen GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3 were reported in 2012 from vineyards of Nashik. Here, newlinewe report for the first time, association of GLRaV-4 with GLD symptomatic vines in newlineIndia on the basis of serology, electron microscopy, RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase newlinepolymerase chain reaction) and sequencing. Further, GLRaV-4 was detected in the newlinevineyards of Tamilnadu, Maharashtra (Baramati, Pune, Nashik), Delhi and Imphal newlinethrough DAS-ELISA. However, GLRaV-4 could not be detected from the vineyards of newlineAbohar (Punjab). newline