Designing New Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network

Abstract

Wireless communication is one of the latest technologies that play a great role in modern life, from global cellular telephone systems to local and even body or personal-area networks. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) contain an enormous number of low cost and power-constrained sensor nodes, within their radio range they are communicating with each other. The sensor nodes sense the data periodically, process it, and then they need to forward the sensed data to the sink. The basic philosophy in WSNs can be clarified as, while the ability of each sensor node is restricted, the total power of the whole network is suitable for running the required task. newlineRouting in WSNs has a primary task for data transfer from source to the destination. Power, bandwidth and resource limitations of the sensor nodes and the possibility for packet loss and delay are the requirements should be considered while designing routing protocols for the WSNs. To address and meet these design requirements, several routing techniques have been proposed. newlineIn order to reduce energy consumption, minimize data transmission, and maximize the lifespan of the network, the clustering algorithm is the most efficient technique. Clustering-based routing algorithm puts a network structure to satisfy energy efficiency, stability, and scalability of the network. In such algorithms, the network is organized into clusters in which one node will be elected as a cluster head for the cluster. The cluster head is responsible for assortment activities within the cluster and forwarding data between clusters. newlineSelecting cluster head and forming the clusters are key issues in such algorithms. Random selection of the cluster heads did not guarantee that the cluster heads have adequate energy to transmit data. Also, if the selected cluster heads are not uniformly distributed in the network area then the number of isolated nodes may increase. In addition, the distance between the cluster head and its member nodes is not minimal, so the intra-cluster communication will consume