Design and development of novel wireless antennas for base station applications

Abstract

The technological advancements with respect to the fifth generation cellular systems have created a need for the design and development of novel base station antennas with wider bandwidths at miniaturized size. Further, the MIMO technology adopted in the 4G/5G standards has necessitated the housing of multiple antenna arrays integrated as a single system so as to provide diversity. This in turn has led to the increase in the size of the base station antenna systems. Further the base station antennas for such multi-standard applications require the dual polarization with low cross polarization, good port to port isolation, stable gain over bandwidth and beam tilting capabilities at much lower profiles. It is imperative that the above challenging requirements could be met only if each sub component of the integrated base station antenna system is designed to meet the requirements. Hence there is need to design compact base station system with compact antenna element, antenna element arranged in array, feed networks and the phase shifters for beam tilting. A majority of the reported literature for the base station antennas are either the patch antenna based topologies or the reflector backed dipole based topologies. Though the former has a comparative advantage with respect to the size of the antenna, the latter alone could meet the bandwidth requirements of a multi-standard base station antenna. newline newline newline newline