Dynamics of Heavy Ion Collisions at Intermediate Energies

Abstract

The aim of the present work is to study the fragmentation, collective flow and nuclear newlinestopping in heavy-ion collisions using the dynamical microscopic theory and compare the newlineresults with experimental data. The theoretical investigations are carried out using microscopic newlinequantum molecular dynamical (QMD) and isospin-dependent quantum molecular newline(IQMD) model. We aim to discuss the role of model ingredients, momentum dependent interactions, newlinedifferent nucleon-nucleon cross sections, in fragments distribution for symmetric newlineand asymmetric colliding nuclei. An attempt to understand the role of symmetry energy newlineand momentum dependent interactions on elliptical flow, nuclear stopping and thermalization newlinereached in heavy-ion collisions, will also be discussed. newlineThe present thesis is divided into following seven chapters. newlineChapter 1 presents the general introduction of the present work. The importance of newlineheavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies is discussed. It outlines the status of the available newlineexperimental attempts for multifragmentation and collective flow by different collaborations, newlineat MSU (USA), GANIL(France), BNL(USA), University of Arizona (USA), Texas newline(USA), INFN (Italy) and GSI(Germany). The attempts of different theoretical models like newlineStatistical Multifragmentation Model (SMM), Percolation, Lattice Gas Model, Expanding newlineEmitting Source (ESS), Time Dependent Hartree Fock (TDHF) , Vlasov-Uehling-Uhlenbeck newline(VUU) , QMD and IQMD for multifragmentation and collective flow are also presented. newlineChapter 2 gives the detail of various theoretical models used in literature to study the newlinephase space of nucleons in heavy-ion reactions and clusterization algorithms. This chapter newlineis divided mainly in three parts. In the first part, the different theoretical models used to newlinestudy heavy-ion reactions without isospin effect, are discussed. On the other hand, second part consists of different theoretical models used to study heavy-ion collisions with isospin newlineeffects.