Utilization of carbon dioxide to produce value added organic compounds under moderate conditions with deep eutectic solvent medium and catalyst

Abstract

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important trace gas in earth s atmosphere, currently having an average concentration of 408 ppm. The increase of CO2 has been caused by human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. Now a days, the amount of CO2 has steadily increased and primarily responsible for the rise in atmospheric temperature at an alarming rate and probable abnormal changes in the global climate. A newlineseries of different options that could help towards the mitigation of CO2 in global climate change are considered worldwide, including Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU). One of the advantages of CCU over CCS is that utilisation of CO2 is normally a profitable activity as products can be sold. An alternative to storage, captured CO2 can be used as a commercial product, either directly or after conversion. CO2 molecule is utilized as a precursor for organic compounds to produce chemicals and fuels through carboxylation reaction is nevertheless gaining considerable interest in chemical industry. The present study focuses on CO2 transformation via carboxylation reaction with environmentally friendly solvent as reaction medium, catalyst, newer and friendly technology like ultrasonication under moderate reaction conditions. Firstly, the study focuses on sonication dependent synthesis of resorcylic acid in both aqueous and Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) medium. The aqueous Kolbe Schmitt reactions were conducted in batch mode where in resorcinol and CO2 are two reactants under mild and ultrasonic environment. The results indicate that the synthesis of resorcylic acid yield were found to be 30% and 65% in aqueous medium at the optimized condition of molar ratio of resorcinol/potassium hydroxide of 1:3, carbonation time of 150 min and CO2 flow rate of 2 L/min under a bath type and horn type ultrasonic environment, respectively. newline newline