Experimental study on performance combustion and emission characteristics of CI engine by using water emulsified pongamia biodiesel with nano additives

Abstract

Energy derived from fossil fuels is fascinating one among various energy sources like wind energy, hydro energy, solar energy, tidal energy and geothermal energy. In the fossil fuel family, diesel is highly preferred and implemented almost in all sectors like transport, mining, power, agriculture and industrial applications. The advantages of technology availability for handling, storage, transportation and high output power propelled from diesel engine that attracts people. But, diesel engines are causing environmental degradation by emitting greenhouse gases like CO, HC, NOx and PM newline(Particulate Matters). Among the total greenhouse gases, around 54% of emission is caused by diesel engines. In addition to the environmental degradation, existence of fossil fuel causes concern and needs alternate energy sources. Amidst these, statutory bodies of different countries are framing stringent pollution norms to control emission. Several research studies have been conducted to minimise emission from existing diesel engines. Researches were formulated to control the pre-formation and postformation emissions. These include use of biodiesel, introduction of water newlineemulsified diesel, application of physical devices like particulate filters and catalytic converters. Among these, biodiesel and water emulsion techniques are attracting researchers, since these fuels can be implemented in existing diesel engine devoid much modifications and additional cost. newline newline