Role of T Helper17 and T Regulatory Cells in Salmonella typhi Infection and Screening of Medicinal Plants as Therapeutic Intervention for Typhoid

Abstract

newline Abstract newlinexi newlineTyphoid has become a neglected and major public health problem in tropical and newlinesubtropical countries including India and still it is one of the most important global health newlineproblems. Globally, the estimated burden of this disease is reported to be 22 million cases newlineannually, with 6, 00,000 deaths every year. Typhoid is also endemic in India and causes a newlinesignificant morbidity and mortality in pediatrics as well as in adult populations. Case fatality rate newlineof typhoid has been fluctuating between 1.1 to 2.5% in last few years. The present study was newlinedesigned to determine the Seroprevalence of Typhoid Fever special emphasis on the role of newlinenewly identified T helper 17 cells and the cells of autoimmune suppressor T regulatory cells in newlinethe protection of host during typhoid infection. Beside this also focused on the prevalence of newlineMDR strains as they play important role in the immune escape mechanisms. Due to the newlineemergence of MDR strains the antimicrobial agents failed to eradicate the bacteria from the host. newlineHence, there is a great need to develop some new promising natural based drugs with high newlineefficacy and lesser side effects as compared to synthetic drugs available in the market for the newlinetreatment of typhoid. The present study also taken into account for the synergistic effect of newlinebioactive constituents of Ayurveda based in combination to the synthetic drugs to enhance the newlinemechanism of bacterial eradication. Salmonella typhi, also have ability of biofilm formation newlinewhich is associated with the biomaterial infections. Due to this additional characteristic the newlineeradication of the bacteria from the host seems difficult. The in vitro biofilm formation by MDR newlineisolates were analyzed by various methods. The effect of bio-constituents alone and in synergism newlinewith the standard antibiotic was studied for the destruction of biofilms. A total of 1000 samples newlinehaving pyrexia of unknown origin were collected from regional hospital Solan and Deptt of newlineMedical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh. The samples were process