Optimization of biodiesel blended with nano particles in ic engine to reduce the pollutants

Abstract

Diesel fuels are reducing gradually because of more energy users and newlinealso the cost of diesel fuels are increasing in a rapid way. For that reason newlinebiodiesel is used as alternative fuel for diesel fuel. For future generation, newlinebiodiesel is essential and this renewable energy will fulfill the energy demand newlineand usage of biodiesel fuel will spread all over the world to protect universe newlinefrom environmental issues.Raw non edible oil of karanja has been used for producing biodiesel. newlineBiodiesel is prepared by transesterification process with the presence of newlinemethanol and it is mixed with potassium hydroxide. The biodiesel is affected newlineby the quantity of methanol, catalyst, temperature maintained to yield newlinemaximum biodiesel and time taken for reaction. To improve the yield of newlinebiodiesel various optimization techniques like Central Composite Design newline(CCD) with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Generalized newlineregression neural network with Genetic Algorithm as computational newlinetechniques and software packages such as design expert and MATLAB have newlinebeen used to find the optimum value.Rice husk and coconut shell were initially crushed into small particles and then milled using with mechanical ball mill to reduce it to nanoparticles newlineof 20 nm in size. The coconut shell and rice husk nanoparticles were newlinecharacterized by using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and newlineScanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive Analysis of newlineX-rays (EDAX) technique newline newline