Chlamydosport formulation in Survival of Candida albicans under adverse condition

Abstract

Present study is aimed at understanding chlamydospore formation in survival of Candida albicans under adverse condition using proteomic approach. Chlamydospore a distinct morphological state of Candida albicans, is induced under microaerophilic condition at 30° C using rice extract agar containing 1% Tween 80 in present study. LC-MS/MS analysis showed that 223 (81-Up regulated and 142-Down regulated) proteins expressed differentially during chlamydosporulation. Functional annotation revealed significant modulations in cellular architecture, signaling and stress response pathways. Enhanced mannan, and#946;1, 3-glucan and chitin contribute in thickening of cell wall while Hyr1 (218 fold) and Als3 (38.16 fold) decide cell surface chemistry of chlamydospore. Although cell membrane is rich in ergosterol, sphingolipids, phospholipids and fatty acids provide high rigidity to membrane. Our proteomic and biochemical analysis showed that ergosterol is increased in chlamydospore compared to yeast phase cells indicating highly sturdy membrane. In present study up regulation of Rsr1 (8.83 fold) and down regulation of Bcy1 (4.20 fold), Tfs1 (negative regulator of RAS) indicates cAMP pathway activates chlamydosporulation through Efg1, a morphogenic regulator. Enhanced biosynthesis of glutathione and trehalose homeostasis potentiate oxidative, osmotic and nitrosative stress tolerance. In addition to this, cytoplasmic, mitochondrial and vacuole transport, gene expression, post translational modifications and proteolysis were modulated significantly. In general, morpho-physiological and molecular architectural modulations and enhanced chromatin remodeling activity suggests that C. albicans induces different sets of transcriptional programs during chlamydosporulation as a survival strategy. newlinePresent study is an attempt to understand morpho-physiological modulations during chlamydosporulation using proteomic approach. Our findings are contributing in understanding architectural alterations in cell wall, membrane, cytoskeleton, stress mechanism and signaling during chlamydosporulation. newlineKey words C. albicans, Chlamydospore, LC-MS/MS, Cell wall, Stress newline