Novel approach for the production of biodiesel from non edible vegetable oils using heterogeneous

Abstract

newline This work involves the extraction of bio-oil from Bauhinia variegate and Senna Occidentalis seeds using solvent extraction technique. This process has attracted considerable attention recently in the renewable energy sector because it can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and subsidize energy security. The solvent extraction technique has low production cost and low oil residue compared with other methods. Six different solvents were employed in the extraction process. Hexane and Isopropanol proved to be the best solvent for bio-oil extraction in the case of Bauhinia variegata bio oil (yield 28.43%) and Senna Occidentalis bio oil (yield 23.46%) at the temperature of 68°Cand 82 newlineand#1051528;C respectively. The caloric value of Bauhinia variegata seeds oils 4910 kcal/kg and Senna Occidentalis seeds oil is 4570kcal/kg which makes it better choice of fuel. The bio-oil was characterized using (FT-IR) and GC/MS. The physicochemical properties of bio oil such as acid value, calorific value, flash point, saponification value, iodine number, specific gravity, fire point, and kinematic viscosity were determined and compared with commercial petrodiesel. This result supports the production of biodiesel from Bauhinia variegata seeds oil as a viable alternative to diesel in an eco-friendly manner. Barium salt of tungstophosphoric acid was prepared by single step impregnation method. The synthesis involves the addition of one mole of Barium nitrate to 20 ml solution of tungstophosphoric acid with continuous stirring. Then, the mixture was dried at 110 and#1050696;C for 12 h, followed by calcinations at 260 and#1050696; C for 3h. Finally, Ba(HPW12O40) white fine crystals were obtained. newline