Reduced graphene oxide based metal oxide and sulfide nanocomposites for supercapacitor applications

Abstract

Carbon-based materials such as graphene, CNTs and activated carbon newlinewith macro-, micro-, meso- and nanoporous structures are the essential newlineresources for electrochemical energy storage applications. The first newlinecommercialized activated carbon material was used energy storage devices, newlinesuch as power backup systems in customer electronics, windmills, UPSs, newlineelectric and hybrid electric vehicles, airplanes, trains, buses, industrial newlineequipment and telecommunication systems. The innovative porous electrode newline(cathode/anode types) materials were quickly developed. Numerous resource newlinematerials were studied for morphological structures, which are essential for newlineimproving supercapacitor performance. Important properties of electro-active newlinematerials and increasing surface area with mesoporous/hollow structures, newlinecontrol the pore volume/size, electrical conductivity, stability and surface newlinefunctionalities. However, until now the predicted supercapacitor performances newlinehave not been fully demonstrated i.e. rate capabilty of charge and discharge newlinetime, lower energy density than batteries and their faster self-discharge rate. newlineThis study focuses on the importance of materials development with newlinewell-defined crystal, hollow crystal and porous crystal structures. These types newlineof crystal structures were mainly targeted to achieve high-performance energy newlinestorage in supercapacitors. The graphene and carbon nanotubes based newlinenanocomposites of metal oxide and sulfide have improved the capacitive newlineperformance. Here, the electrochemical performance was studied through the newlineEDLCs and pseudocapacitance. Moreover, the materials investigated in the newlinepresent work show good crystal structure and physico-chemical properties and newlinethe properties were compared with pure and ternary composite materials.. newline newline