Biocalorimetric investigation on metabolic behavior of bacterial consortium for biotransformation of an azo dye

Abstract

Azo dyes are one of the versatile classes of synthetic dyes used newlinewidely in many industries. Generally, dye molecules contain two key newlinecomponents: chromophores (( N=N ), ( C=O), ( CH=), ( NO2) and newlineauxochromes ( NH3), ( COOH), ( SO3 H), ( OH) groups; chromophores newlineare responsible for producing the color and auxochromes are responsible for newlinesolubility and in enhancing the affinity towards the dyeing material. newlineApproximately 10 to 15% of the dyes are released in the environment during newlinemanufacturing and usage. The toxic effluent containing azo dyes are newlinedischarged from various industries and adversely affect water resources, soil newlinefertility, aquatic organisms and eco system integrity. They are not readily newlinedegradable under natural conditions and are typically not removed from newlinewastewater by conventional treatment systems. These azo dyes are generally newlineconsidered recalcitrant to biodegradation. But certain groups of newlinemicroorganisms are able to transform azo dyes into non-colored products or newlineeven completely mineralize them under certain environmental conditions. newlineAmong them bacterial degradation are more effective. Bacterial newlinebiodegradation of azo dyes using pure cultures is well reported. But usage of newlinethese processes in large scale industrial treatment still remains a challenging newlinetask. A successful technology for treatment is yet to emerge. Biodegradation newlineof azo dyes by bacterial community appears to be the more suitable and newlinereliable approach newline newline