Development of An Electrochemical Nano Biosensor for Sensing Zinc Ions

Abstract

ABSTRACT newlineThe main threat by human beings in this century is the environmental pollution caused due to the exposure of toxic metals. This makes it necessary to devise efficient methods for the detection of these metals in the environment and in biological materials. Electrochemical sensors are of increasing interest among the different methods available for the trace level determination of these metals. These sensors are commercially important and have important applications in the fields of clinical, industrial, environmental and agricultural analysis. newlineElectroanalytical techniques are related and share connection between electricity and chemistry. In this technique the quantities such as current, potential or charge is measured and the relation between these quantities and the chemical parameters is established. Electrochemical and biological reactions possess certain similarities which arise because the oxidation and reduction mechanism that take place in the electrode and in the body share similar principles. Of all the electroanalytical techniques, potentiometric technique has more advantages like simplicity, low cost and ease of use. newlineZinc is an industrially important metal which is having wide applications. It is used in galvanizing, die casting and alloys. Deficiency of zinc causes disease like Anorexia, chronic liver disease, chronic renal disease, sickle cell disease, diabetes, malignancy, and other chronic illnesses. Excess of zinc causes tremors, microcytic hypo chronic anaemia, fever chills, pulmonary manifestation, diarrhoea and gastroenteritis. Zinc functions as an efficient antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Zinc is released to the environment due to the increased industrial activities and cause serious environmental pollution. newlineThere are many analytical methods available for the estimation of zinc, including potentiometry, flame atomic absorption spectrometry, UV-Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence methods and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICPAES). Among these analytical t