Epidemiological factors genetic and inflammatory markers in the development of Breast Cancer in Malwa region of Punjab

Abstract

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancy among women and also the newlineleading cause of death worldwide. Malwa region of Punjab is reported to have the newlinehighest number of cancer cases in comparison with the other two regions (Doaba and newlineMajha). The cancer prevalence in this region was reported to be 1089 per million/year newlinein 2013 (with around 35.7% breast cancer cases), as per the Department of Health and newlineFamily Welfare. The aim of present study was to carry out a systematic epidemiological newlinestudy, explore the contribution of mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes, and newlinegene-gene interactions in the development of breast cancer in Malwa region of Punjab. newlineIn addition, exome sequencing of the male breast cancer patients was carried out to newlineidentify the specific genetic alterations associated with the disease in this region. newlineInflammatory markers (cytokines and C-reactive protein levels) and albumin levels newlinewere also estimated to evaluate their association with the development of the disease newlineand outcome including death, recurrence, and metastasis. newlineThree hundred breast cancer patients (Female:Male = 296:4) were recruited newlinefrom Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot and Max Hospital, newlineBathinda. Equal number of age and sex matched controls were also recruited from the newlinesame demographic area with the help of Rural Medical Officers. The study was newlineapproved by the ethics committee of the Central University of Punjab. The information newlineregarding the demographic profile was collected in a structured questionnaire. The newlineblood samples were collected with the written informed consent of the patients. DNA newlineisolation was carried out by phenol:chloroform method. The genotyping was performed newlineby global screening array (GSA; Illumina Infinium HD), exome sequencing and PCRRFLP. newlineThe levels of inflammatory markers and albumin were estimated by using BD newlineAccuri flow cytometer and ERBA 200 bioautoanlyzer. The association of demographic newlinefeatures with the disease was evaluated by Student s t-test. Mann-Whitney test was newlineused to