Nucleation kinetics growth and studies of some undoped and doped Nonlinear optical and ferroelectric crystals

Abstract

Nonlinear optical (NLO) and ferroelectric crystals are the technologically newlineimportant materials and they have significant applications in the areas of optical newlinecommunication, optical computing, laser technology, photonics, optoelectronics, newlineinfrared detectors, capacitors, frequency doublers, optical data storage devices etc. newlineFerroelectric crystals are usually the non-conducting crystals which have newlinespontaneous non-zero electric polarization even when there is a zero applied field newlineand these materials show hysteresis loops like ferromagnetic materials. Normally, newlinea ferroelectric crystal is a non-centrosymmetric crystal and in this work, a newlineferroelectric crystal viz., triglycine sulpho-phosphate (TGSP) was grown and newlinestudied. To alter the various properties of TGSP crystals, L-tartaric acid and newlinecesium chloride were used as the dopants. Nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals will newlinebe the key elements for future photonic technologies based on the fact that photons newlineare capable of processing information with the speed of light. They can newlinesignificantly enhance laser performance by enabling wavelength shifting and newlinetunability over a broad spectral range. Technical progress has been made in newlinedeveloping several crystals that together cover the spectral range from mid-ultraviolet newlineto far-infrared. The NLO materials are used in various applications such as electrooptic newlinemodulators, optical communication, signal processing, testing of optical newlinematerials, ultra violet laser materials, high density optical storage, fiber newlinemodulators, optical switching materials, SHG generators and high harmonic newlinegenerators etc. In this work, two NLO crystals viz., benzophenone and Lasparagine newlinewere considered for the research work and the properties of these NLO newlinecrystals were altered by adding dinitrobenzene and zinc chloride as the dopants. newlineUndoped Triglycine Sulpho-Phosphate (TGSP) crystals were grown by taking newlineglycine, concentrated sulphuric acid and concentrated ortho-phosphoric acid. To newlineget the tartaric acid doped TGSP crystal, 1 mole% of L-tartaric acid was adde