Subgingival delivery of therapeutic agents in the treatment of periodontitis using dental strip

Abstract

quotBackground: Many researchers have formulated commonly used antimicrobials containing fibers, films and gels for site targeted periodontal treatment with or without using cross-linkers, which are harmful above its PDE. However, due to development of resistance in periodontal pathogens or sub-inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobials at site, effective treatment is not achieved. newline newlineAim: To enhance periodontal local treatment, to minimize resistance development and to avoid use of cross-linkers, fabrication and evaluation of Cefixime (CEF) loaded ethyl cellulose (EC) strips and Ornidazole (ORD) loaded EC containing microparticles (MPs) carrying chitosan strips carried out. newline newlineMaterials and methods: To calculate the dose and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CEF and ORD, paper diffusion method was utilized using saliva samples of three volunteers having periodontitis. CEF containing newlineEC strips were fabricated with use of casting/solvent evaporation technique and optimized by 32 full-factorial design using Designand#8209;Expert® software (Version 7, Stat-Ease, Inc., Minneapolis, MN). ORD loaded varying concentration of EC containing MPs were formulated using emulsification method and optimized by 32 full-factorial design. MPs carrying chitosan strips were fabricated using dispersion method. Fabricated both strips were evaluated for physicochemical parameters, morphological observation, in-vitro and ex-vivo drug release, in-vitro and ex-vivo antimicrobial activity, and three months stability study. newline newlineResults and Discussion: MIC value of CEF and ORD was found to be 0.6 and 0.8 µg/ml, respectively. CEF containing formulation CEF-F and ORD loaded MPs containing formulation ORD-F showed 96.6 and 94.79 % in-vitro cumulative drug release that sustained up to 5 and 12 days, respectively. In case of ex-vivo drug release study, formulations CEF-F and ORD-F showed 15.71 and 18.08 µg/ml drug release after 5 and 12 days, respectively. In the in-vitro antimicrobial activity, formulations CEF-F and ORD-F showed around 1.49 and 1.37