Dielectric Relaxation and Hydrogen Bonding Interactions in Aqueous Solutions

Abstract

Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy in liquids is widely used for determination of newlinethe structure and associated liquid properties which are helpful to study the molecular newlineinteractions. The determination of intermolecular dynamics of liquids can be best newlineunderstood at microwave frequency range; hence at microwave frequency dielectric newlinerelaxation is used to study the interaction of polar molecules with neighboring polar as newlinewell as non polar molecules. Dielectric relaxation is nothing but applying electric field to newlinethe atoms, molecules that results polarization through readjustment of molecules from newlineequilibrium. The displacement of molecules on application of electric field is frequency newlineand temperature dependent. Dielectric relaxation of liquids contains measurement of newlinedielectric permittivity and dielectric loss at microwave frequencies. newlineThe hydrogen bond is an attractive interaction between a hydrogen atom from a newlinemolecule or a molecular fragment A-H in which A is more electronegative than H, and an newlineatom or a group of atoms in the same or a different molecule, in which there is evidence newlineof bond formation. A typical hydrogen bond may be depicted as A-H----B-C, where the newlinethree dots denote the bond A-H represents the hydrogen bond donor. The acceptor may be newlinean atom or an anion B, or a fragment or a molecule B-C, where B is bonded to C. In some newlinecases, A and B are the same. In more specific cases, A and B are the same and A-H and newlineB-H distances are the same as well leading to symmetric hydrogen bonds. Water and newlinealcohols are some of the examples of H-bonded liquids. newlineAlcohols are compounds in which hydroxyl (-OH) group is attached to saturated newlineCarbon atom. The hydroxyl group is a functional group of alcohols. Their general newlineformula is R-OH and these are classified as monohydric, dihydric, trihydric and newlinepolyhydric alcohols depending upon the number of hydroxyl groups. The O-H bond in newlinealcohol is highly polar, because oxygen is highly electronegative. The polarity of O-H newlinebond gives rise to attraction of p