Design and Synthesis of Functionalized Heterocycles and Related Systems

Abstract

The drugs used in human medicine cover the whole range of chemical entities including organic and inorganic compounds, but majorities are heterocyclic scaffolds or have a heterocyclic structural components viz. N, O, S etc. These cyclic systems containing at least one other element than carbon atom are called heterocyclic compounds. Heterocycles are considered - versatile due to their properties of possessing specific chemical reactivity and therefore have always attracted the attention of scientists working in both the area of natural products and synthetic organic chemistry. Heterocyclic compounds have great applicability in pharmaceuticals as anticancer agents, anti-tubercular agents, analgesics, hypnotics, anti-malarial, antimicrobials and as pesticides and insecticides. Heterocyclic compounds are enormous, their chemistry is complex yet interesting and various synthetic procedures have been developed resulting in diverse ring formations. The heterocyclic compounds are of immense importance biologically, hence have stimulated considerable research work in recent years leading to medicinal utility. The greatest advantage of heterocyclic compounds in drug industries lies in the ability to manifest substituent around a core scaffold in defined three dimensional representations. Among other hetero atoms, heterocyclic compounds possessing nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen have maintained the interest of researchers through historical development of novel synthetic procedures for the synthesis of N, S and O containing heterocyclic entities. Several heterocyclic compounds occurring in nature involved biologically, includes nucleic acids (in DNA are found to possess nitrogen containing purine and pyrimidine bases), Vitamins (Thiamine B1, Riboflavin B2, Nicotinamide B3), essential amino acids (proline, histidine and tryptophan) and heme (haemoglobin). newline