Least Congested Route Estimation Using Gps Equipped Vehicles in Urban Road Networks with Optimal Path

Abstract

The emanating prototype for enhancing the transportation efficiency and safety through the reduction in the number of accidents is the Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET). The distinct applications of VANETs have varying properties, but they all require an efficient routing protocol for the prediction of optimal route for data dissemination. This research work mainly focuses on the devising of a potential optimization scheme for the TAR protocol. There are three main contributions in this research work for the determination of the optimal route for each vehicle participating in the VANETs. The first contribution is the devising of FGWSO by integrating the fractional theory into GWSO. In addition to the optimization algorithm, the EWMA methodology is combined for the prediction of traffic density and average vehicle speed providing the delay related information in the selected path. The second contribution is the development of the ARWO-TAR formed by the concatenation of the AR scheme into the WOA s update rule for the performance enhancement. The multi-objective fitness function is developed in accordance with the multiple constraints, like distance, EED, traffic density and LLT with the goal of improving the network lifetime. The third contribution of this research is the design of Adaptive-ARW algorithm developed by combining the ARWO optimization and three adaptive parameters, such as total number of iterations, the distance between search agents and current position fitness value. The algorithmic and comparative performance analysis of the three devised TAR protocols regarding the four evaluation parameters, like distance, EED, throughput, and traffic density are also made in this work for justifying the effectiveness of the protocols. The fact that the devised FGWSO, ARWO and Adaptive ARW protocols provided enhanced performance over the other three existing methodologies is justified through the simulation results. But on a further comparative analysis of the three newly devised routing approaches, the Adaptive