Computational Studies to Investigate Human DNA Repair Associated Malignancies with Special Relevance to Colorectal Cancer

Abstract

The DNA repair system sustains the genome integrity by upholding the poor responses through the diverse range of causal mechanisms. These responses are generally taken care by regulation of cell-cycle mechanism. During the checkpoint in the cell cycle, it is ensured that a DNA in the cell remains intact before undergoing the DNA replication process. If the checkpoints fail to mount their effect, the process can lead to the accumulation of damage that in long terms impose mutations. This can give rise to the variety of the DNA repair deficient disease mechanisms and cancer is one of them. These inflicted mutations could prompt chromosomal aberrations thus impact the functioning of key genes. Majorly, these genes are either having the role of an oncogene or, tumor suppressor ones. The oncogenes and tumor suppressors play a crucial role in maintaining the cellular state and check cells to undergo malignant transformation. This confirms that preserving genomic integrity is vital for maintaining cell homeostasis. The fidelity of the DNA repair processes promotes repair of the damages through extrinsic and intrinsic factors that help to manage cell survival. Maintaining genome integrity is, therefore, a key challenge for every living organism due to its central role in cell division, and regulation of the cell cycle. newlineThere are varieties of cancers today that are contributed by the improper DNA repair mechanisms. These include skin cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer and many more. My study has focused on the Lynch syndrome-associated cancers that include primarily colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer. In most of the study, the major work has been done implicated for DNA repair mechanisms and its deficient role in colorectal cancer. Various omics-based approaches have been implemented for determining biomarkers specifically for colorectal cancers, endometrial cancer and Lynch syndrome.