ESTIMATION OF POPULATION MEAN WITH ADJUSTMENT OF SURVEY NON RESPONSE

Abstract

A survey consists of a number of operations, starting from the planning newlinestage to the ultimate publication of results, and with each stage some newlineassociated sources of errors may arise, which may affect the quality of newlinethe survey estimates. In fact, the different phases of a sample survey newlinemay face a number of sources of errors which may broadly be classified newlineas follows : newline( i ) Errors in the selection of samples newline( ii ) Errors in data collection newline( iii ) Errors in data processing newline( iv ) Errors at the estimation stage newline( v ) Errors in dissemination of results newlineBesides sampling error, the sample estimates may be subjected to other newlineerrors listed under ( i ), ( ii ), ( iii ) and ( v ) above, which when grouped newlinetogether are termed as Non Sampling Errors . Non - sampling errors newlineare generally small and increase rather slowly during the initial stages newlinebut later on, increase rapidly and possibly at a tremendous rate if there newlineis scope of very large increase in the size of the sample. The study of newlinenon - sampling errors necessitates a modification of the standard theory newlineof sampling; a modification to provide guidance about the allocation of newlineresources between the reduction of random sampling errors and the newlinereduction of other errors. newlineBroadly speaking, the main sources of non - sampling errors are : newline( a ) Failure to measure some of the units in the selected sample; newline( b ) Observational errors (measurement errors) due to faulty measurement newlinetechniques; and newline( c ) Errors introduced in editing, coding, tabulating and disseminating the newlineresults. newlineOut of the above mentioned reasons for non - sampling errors, the most newlineserious and unavoidable reason is (a), that is, failure to obtain a newlinemeasurement or observation on one or more study variables for one or newlinemore elements selected for the survey. Such a non - sampling error, newlinewhich arises due to ( a ), is generally termed as Non - Response Error