Exfoliative cytology of buccal mucosa in type 2 diabetic patients Cytomorphometry and PAS positivity

Abstract

Background: newline In recent years, important advances have occurred in the determination of newlinediagnosis for disease diabetes mellitus and in new strategies for its treatment. The newlinepurpose of this study was to analyze the cytomorphometric changes and glycogen content newlinein exfoliated cells of oral mucosa as an adjunct to diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. newlineMethod: newlineThe smears were made from buccal mucosa of 36 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients newline(study group) and 36 healthy individuals (control group). One smear was stained with newlinerapid Papanicolaou stain (PAP) and other with Periodic acid Schiff stain (PAS). In PAP newlinesmears, nuclear area (NA), cytoplasmic area (CA) and cytoplasmic to nuclear ratio newline(CNR) were evaluated from 50 cells in each smear using Image analysis software (NIS- newlineElements F 4.00.00 properties software and VImage 2014 software) and research newlinemicroscope (Nikon Eclipse CiL Research Microscope). PAS stained smears were newlineanalyzed for presence of glycogen in exfoliated cells. newlineResults: newline The results showed that mean NA was significantly higher (p lt 0.001) in study newlinegroup where as mean CA did not exhibit a statistically significant difference (p gt 0.001). newlineThe mean CNR was significantly lower in study group (p lt 0.001). There was a newlinesignificant increase in the count of PAS positive exfoliated cells of study group as newlinecompared to control group (p lt 0.001) newlineInterpretation and Conclusion: newline The results associated with clinical observations suggest that type 2 diabetes newlinemellitus can produce morphologic and functional alterations in oral epithelial cells, newlinedetectable by microscopic and cytomorphometric analysis using exfoliative cytology newlinewhich can be used in diagnosis of disease.