ANTENNA ARRAY DESIGN FOR RADAR AND EMC APPLICATIONS

Abstract

ABSTRACT newlineTelecommunication has become vital for human beings. It includes transmission of voice, video, data, and all types of information. This demands large bandwidth. A few decades ago, most of the communications are through wires and cables. Even the cables were laid under the sea to have communication from country to country, from continent to continent. With wire communication, the bandwidth is limited and it has been very difficult to maintain such cables. It is also well known that Medium Frequency (MF), Ultra High Frequency (UHF), Very High Frequency (VHF) communications are adopted using the ground wave, tropospheric wave and ionospheric wave communications. With these methods, the distance covered is limited and there exists high transmission losses. newlineFortunately, the technology has advanced so much with the development of satellite and mobile technologies. They have become a way of life for everyone. These new technologies resulted in the fastest communication throughout the world. newlineOver and above, RADARS protruded into the human life and into every sector of happening. During the Second World War, RADARS were only used for defence purposes for tracking, searching, and fire control. But now there are hundreds of RADARS in every walk of life. Nowadays, RADARS are used for identification of friend or foe, search, track, identification of troops, weather forecasting, remote sensing, ground mapping, and airport surveillance, etc. Basically, RADAR is an electronic eye more powerful than human eye. It can see any object anywhere in the world, whether it is hidden by rock, cloud, snow or rain, except when the object is behind a conductor. Distance is not a problem for the RADAR to identify. newlineThe standard mobile communication and RADARS increased the standard of life, helping the economy to develop for all the countries. newlineThe above important systems operate using one type of the antenna or the other. It is a terminal device, without which the above systems cannot work. It is, therefore of interest, to inv