Analysis and design of energy efficient approaches for wireless sensor network

Abstract

Advancements in communication and computing technologies make it possible to fabricate sensor nodes which are small in size and reduced in cost and at the same time consume very less energy while operational Such sensor nodes are involved in almost every field of life These sensor nodes communicate with each other and form Wireless Sensor Network in adhoc manner to support various monitoring and tracking applications Lower power consumption prolonged network lifetime, accurate localization lower delay and lower cost are the key design requirements of WSNs Applications of WSN use random deployment method as most of the time phenomenon is inaccessible and thus replacing batteries is not possible For this reason energy is the scarce and invaluable resource for WSNs Concern is given to this scarce resource during fabrication of sensor nodes still energy efficiency is the prime concern for WSNs Along with energy efficiency node location is also prime requirement of WSN applications newlineTo achieve energy efficiency standard CSMA CA in IEEE 802 15 4 has been modified Second chance is given to CCA if it fails for the first time and this reduces energy consumption average delay by reducing the number of backoff periods taken before channel sensing Adaptation in standard CSMACA helps in reducing the number of backoffs channel access failures and collisions newlineTo tackle energy efficiency issue at Network layer analysis of various energy efficient routing protocols has been performed and observed that it is possible to further enhance energy efficiency using cross layer approaches Energy efficient routing methods for Wireless Adhoc and Sensor network have been designed by modifying standard AODV protocol using cross layer approach To achieve energy efficiency in Adhoc network, IEEE 802 11 compliant nodes selectively drops the request packets on the basis of residual energy In WSN IEEE 802 154 compliant nodes fetch link quality information from Physical layer and collision information from MAC layer to aid Network