Nutritional and biochemical Investigations of some wild macrofungi of Himachal Pradesh

Abstract

The present study reports the Nutritional and biochemical analysis of some wild macrofungi of Himachal Pradesh . During the study 93 species of macro fungi were collected from the selected area. These species were belonging to 2 phylum (Basidiomycota and Ascomycota), 7 orders, 26 families and 32 genera. Species were viz. Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus arvensis, Amanita solitaria, Amanita verna, Amanita virosa, Amanita spissa, Armillariella mellea, Boletus luridus, Boletus queletii, Boletus satanas, Boletus chrysenteron, Boletus flammans, Boletus zelleri, Boletus erythropus, Boletus edulis, Calvatia excipuliformis, Calostoma cinnabarina, Cantharellus amethysteus, Cantharellus tubaeformis, Cantharellus cibarius, Clavulina rugosa, Clitocybe odora, Clitocybe langei, Clitopilus prunulus, Collybia dryophila, Collybia confluens, Collybia maculate, Cortinarius alboviolaceus, Cortinarius trivialis, Cortinarius pseudosalor, Cortinarius metrodii, Cortinarius violaceus, Cortinarius iodes, Coprinopsis atramentarius, Coprinus comatus, Entoloma nidorosum, Entoloma sinuatum, Ganoderma lucidum, Geastrum triplex, Helvella crispa, Hygrocybe spadicea, Hygrocybe brevispora, Hygrophorus melizeus, Hygrophorus eburneus, Hygrophorus aganthosmus, Hygrophorus marzuolus, Inocybe splendens, Inocybe fastigiata, Lapiota cristata, Laccinum aurantiacum, Leccinum griseum, Lactarius blennius, Lactarius piperatus, Lactarius pornisis, Leucoagaricus pudicus, Leucopaxillus giganteus, Lycoperdon pyriforme, Lycoperdon molle, Marasmius alliaceus, Marasmius perforans, Marasmius oreades, Mycena inclinata, Mycena vulgaris, Myxocybe radicosa, Oudemansiella mucida, Oudemansiella radicata, Panus tigrinus, Panellus stipticus, Parasola (Coprinus) plicatilis, Pleurotus cornucopiae, Pleurotus sajor-caju, Phaeolus schweinitzii, Pholiota alnicola, Polyporus squamosus, Psilocybe Montana, Rhizopogon, Rhodotus palmatus, Russula atropurpurea, Russula delica, Russula aeruginea, Russula sororia, Russula cyanoxantha, Russula xerampelina, Russula lepida, Russula foetens, Russula emetica, Russula vesca, Stropharia semiglobata, Suillus sibiricus, Tricholoma batschii, Tricholoma terreum, Termitomyces le-testui and Volvariella volvacea. Russula was found to be the dominant genus. newlineFour species viz. C. excipuliformis, R. delica, P. cornucopiae and H. eburneus were selected for compositional, phytochemical and antioxidant analysis. During the newlinex newlineanalysis high moisture, carbohydrates, proteins, fat, dietary fibre and energy contents was recorded in R. delica, maximum ash content in P. cornucopiae. Proline content was high in R. delica, arginine, asparagine and organic acid were maximum in C. excipuliformis. Ascorbic acid was highest in H. eburneus and citric acid in R. delica whereas it was absent in C. excipuliformis. Folic acid was absent in all the selected macrofungi species. FTIR analysis showed the presence of Citric acid, Ascorbic acid, Malic acid, Chitin, Vitamin B, D-fructose in all four species. Asparagine was present in C. excipuliformis and P. cornucopiae. Starch was present in C. excipuliformis, R. delica, H. eburneus. Phytochemical viz. alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, steroids, saponins and phlobatannins were present in all species while glycoside was not detected in selected macrofungi. Aqueous ethanol extract of selected macrofungal species showed considerable ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), superoxide radical scavenging activity and hydroxyl radical-scavenging effect. All these properties increased with increase in the concentration of the extract and found maximum in H. eburneus. newlineXRF analysis showed the presence of 21 various minerals/metals in C. excipuliformis, 21 in H. eburneus, 20 in R. delica and 17 in P. cornucopiae. Maximum i.e. 11 volatile compounds were detected in C. excipuliformis followed by 06 in P. cornucopiae, 03 in R. delica, and 2 in H. eburneus by GC-MS analysis respectively. newline