Development and Evaluation of Proniosomes Incorporated Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems for Ketorolac Tromethamine

Abstract

newline The main aim of present research work is to prepare Proniosomal (PN) gel containing Ketorolac Tromethamine (KT) for anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect which gives prolong release in the systemic circulation. newlineThe PN gel was prepared by first optimization of proniosomal suspension and then it s converted to gel formulation. Proniosomes containing soya lecithin which having unsaturated fatty acid like oleic acid and linoleic acid showed penetration enhancing properties. And presence of cholesterol made the proniosomes more stable with high retention properties of vesicles. newlineOptimized PN suspension formulation B-1 made of nonionic surfactant (sodium cholate), produce stable proniosomes. Among the various formulation, proniosomal vesicles formulation B-1 (Ch-LCI-1) which based on sodium cholate shows higher permeability as compared to other proniosomal suspension formulation which were based on sodium deoxycholate and span 60. newlineIn the research work it was investigated practically that as the concentration of non-ionic surfactant decreases the entrapment efficiency of formulation increases hence formulation based on sodium cholate B-1 (Ch-LCI-1) contain lowest concentration of non-ionic surfactant shows the highest entrapment efficiency. Further PN gel was prepared from optimized formulation of proniosomal suspension B-1 (based on sodium cholate) which shows the highest drug release in sustained manner and drug permeability properties among the other proniosomal suspension. newlineBy using various concentrations of penetration enhancers and carbopol gel base in formulations were examined in order to enhance the permeation and delayed release of KT in systemic circulation. On the basis of studies, optimized proniosomal gel (F-1) to forms niosomes after mixing with skin secretions in-vivo or mixing with diffusing receptor fluid in-vitro before delivering the drug into and through the skin. And enhanced transdermal delivery of drug is caused by vesicle formation. newlineDrug is transferred from proniosomes due to pene